Tihar Festival: Nepal’s Vibrant Festival of Lights
1 Nov 2024 Bishal Rijal
Tihar, also called Deepawali or Diwali in some regions, is one of Nepal’s most celebrated Hindu festivals. Known as the Festival of Lights, it spans five days, blending ancient rituals, animal worship, and familial bonds into a harmonious celebration. It illuminates homes, streets, and hearts, holding immense cultural, religious, and social significance. Tihar unites people through its deep-rooted traditions.
What is Tihar Festival?
Tihar Festival is a five-day celebration that takes place in late October or early November, depending on the lunar calendar. It is the second most important festival in Nepal, after Dashain. The festival honors animals, deities, and the bond between brothers and sisters. It blends joy, lights, rituals, and spirituality, with each day dedicated to different symbolic beings, including crows, dogs, and cows, as well as the goddess Laxmi, the goddess of wealth and prosperity.
Tihar Festival and Diwali: A Comparison
Tihar and Diwali share similarities, such as lighting oil lamps, worshiping Goddess Laxmi, and celebrating prosperity. However, Tihar focuses more on animal worship and the Bhai Tika (celebration of the bond between siblings). The five days of Tihar feature unique rituals that emphasize the Nepali connection to nature, family, and community.
The Five Days of Tihar Festival
1. Kaag Tihar: Worship of Crows
The first day of Tihar is dedicated to the worship of crows. Known as “Kaag Tihar,” families offer food to crows by placing rice, grains, and sweets on rooftops or open spaces. In Hindu mythology, crows represent the connection between the living and the dead. Feeding crows is believed to dispel grief and misfortune, showing the respect Nepalis have for all creatures.
2. Kukur Tihar: Worship of Dogs
The second day of Tihar is perhaps the most heartwarming. Basically, It honors dogs, who are loyal companions to humans. On Kukur Tihar, dogs are adorned with flower garlands and tilak (a red mark on their foreheads) as symbols of respect. They also receive special meals and treats.
In Hinduism, dogs are seen as the protectors of the underworld and faithful companions of the god Bhairava. This day acknowledges the important roles dogs play in both spiritual and everyday life.
3. Gai Tihar and Laxmi Puja: Worship of Cows and the Goddess of Wealth
The third day of Tihar, Gai Tihar, is divided into two parts: the worship of cows and the worship of Goddess Laxmi.
- Gai Tihar: In Hindu culture, cows are sacred and symbolize motherhood and prosperity. Generally, Families adorn cows with garlands and offer them special food, acknowledging their importance.
- Laxmi Puja: In the evening, homes are cleaned and decorated with oil lamps (diyas) and rangolis to welcome Goddess Laxmi. The Goddess of Wealth is worshipped in every household to bring prosperity for the coming year. This day reflects Diwali celebrations in India, but with the unique inclusion of cow worship in Nepal.
4. Govardhan Puja and Mha Puja: Worship of Oxen and Self-Purification
The fourth day of Tihar varies depending on the region. Most of Nepal celebrates Govardhan Puja, where oxen, which are essential to agriculture, are honored. Particularly, Oxen symbolize strength and the relationship between humans and the land.
For the Newar community in Kathmandu Valley, this day is known as Mha Puja. It involves self-purification and the worship of one’s own body, emphasizing self-respect and well-being. It also marks the Newari New Year, bringing a sense of renewal.
5. Bhai Tika: Celebration of the Bond Between Brothers and Sisters
The fifth day of Tihar, Bhai Tika, celebrates the strong bond between brothers and sisters. Generally, Sisters apply a multi-colored tika on their brothers’ foreheads and perform rituals for their long life and prosperity. In return, brothers give gifts and promise to protect their sisters.
Bhai Tika strengthens familial ties and is one of the most beloved parts of the festival. It reflects the love and support shared within families and communities in Nepal.
Cultural and Spiritual Significance of Tihar
The Tihar Festival holds deep cultural value in Nepal. Therefore, It’s not just a festival; it’s a reflection of the country’s connection to nature and the divine:
- Respect for Nature: The worship of animals like crows, dogs, cows, and oxen shows the Nepali respect for nature. It highlights the harmonious relationship between humans and the natural world.
- Family and Community Bonds: Tihar is also a celebration of family. Bhai Tika strengthens bonds between siblings, while the singing of Deusi Bhailo brings communities together to celebrate.
- Spiritual Cleansing and Prosperity: The worship of Goddess Laxmi reflects the desire for both spiritual and material prosperity. Homes are cleaned and illuminated to invite positive energy and good fortune.
Tihar Celebrations in Kathmandu
In Kathmandu, Tihar is celebrated with much enthusiasm. Streets are lit up with lamps and colorful decorations, while homes glow with diyas and rangolis. Groups of young people sing traditional Deusi Bhailo songs, going door to door, receiving gifts, and spreading joy throughout neighborhoods.
The vibrant atmosphere of Kathmandu during Tihar is a unique experience for both locals and tourists. It offers a glimpse into Nepal’s culture, showcasing the blend of religious devotion and communal celebration.
Conclusion
The Tihar Festival embodies the essence of Nepalese culture. It is more than just a festival of lights; it is a time to honor nature, strengthen family bonds, and seek prosperity. Whether you are celebrating with loved ones, worshiping animals, or praying for wealth, Tihar offers something for everyone. If you decide to come to nepal at the month of October, Then we have Tour Packages providing city sightseeing opportunity during this festival.
This vibrant festival’s traditions and customs make it a cornerstone of Nepal’s rich cultural heritage. Whether you’re a traveler looking to experience the spirit of Tihar or a local preparing to celebrate, this festival is one that unites, enlightens, and uplifts.